The UMTS-HSPA accelerators, high-speed packet access, was first used in 2005 as a test. Since then, the technology has initially established in the form of the accelerator receiving high speed downlink packet access. Initially, she delivered gross peak rates of 1.8 and 3.6 Mbit / s, then 7.2 and finally 14.4 Mbit/s Meanwhile, also came to an accelerator for the transmit direction, High Speed Uplink Packet Access, HSUPA. So you can now in many locations with up to 5.76 Mbit / s send. In summary, it will be named High Speed Packet Access, HSPA.
Although it can also screw on HSUPA yet, but within the confines of which is designed for battery-operating devices is very little to do. They are supposed to absorb as little power and therefore can not implant them costly energy-hungry process.
Thus, the UMTS development focuses primarily on the downlink. The next step, which is known under the name HSPA + or Evolved HSPA and also now holds in the local mobile networks foot was specified 2007th The Australian Telstra HSPA + launched in February 2009 and at that time already provided up to 21.6 Mbit/s, as is now the local networks of E-Plus and Vodafone. O2 had waved HSPA + in late 2009 but already in the program, but in order to LTE and left it with some built in Munich-based stations that reach at least up to 28 Mbit/s. The next step brings acceleration even up to 42.4 Mbit / s Six percent of the world's network operators have reached the 42.4-Mbit/s level, according to the network supplier Ericsson today. In Germany, they first want to install only the telecom, according to plans later this year.
It should have a mobile surfers in mind if you now about a HSPA + capable USB flash drive looks, because the later can not upgrade to a higher speed level, he has to be designed from the outset. This speed level controls such as the wireless router Vololink VA126-S. How do the HSPA + device opens up the data rates, from the mobile specification "Release 8" of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project. You must read this of course not, we have summarized the main features in addition.
There are three initial points, the improvements over the 14.4 Mbit/s bring s fast precursor HSPA: the multi-antenna technology MIMO multiple spatial streams, high-order modulations that deliver more bits per transmission step (Higher Order Modulation, HOM) and channel bonding (Carrier aggregation). All this changes also draws on higher protocol layers according to: network and other signaling devices must be so, when and what technology is being driven - and in the case of the terminals, which process they have on it at all.
In addition, honed the fathers of the HSPA + technology and the management protocols for the subscriber equipment. These are summarized under the term Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC). These measures reduce the mutual interference among the participating units and increase the capacity for user data.